Tinnitus Glossary

This glossary defines common terms used throughout this site and in clinical settings. Click on page links for detailed information on each topic.

Acoustic neuroma

A benign tumor on the vestibular nerve (also called vestibular schwannoma). Can cause one-sided tinnitus, hearing loss, and balance problems. See What Causes Tinnitus?

Audiogram

A chart showing the results of a hearing test, plotting the softest sounds you can hear at various frequencies. See Understanding Your Audiogram.

Audiologist

A healthcare professional specializing in hearing and balance disorders, including tinnitus management. See Specialists Who Treat Tinnitus.

Central gain

The theory that the brain increases its internal amplification in response to reduced input from a damaged cochlea, leading to tinnitus. See How Your Brain Creates the Sound.

CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

A structured psychological therapy that addresses the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors surrounding tinnitus. See CBT for Tinnitus.

Cochlea

The spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into nerve signals. Damage to cochlear hair cells is a primary cause of tinnitus.

Cochlear synaptopathy

Damage to the nerve connections between cochlear hair cells and the auditory nerve, which may not appear on a standard audiogram. Also called "hidden hearing loss." See Tinnitus and Hearing Loss.

dB (Decibel)

A unit of measurement for sound intensity. See the noise exposure table on the Noise-Induced Tinnitus page.

Habituation

The brain's natural process of learning to filter out a persistent, non-threatening stimulus. The goal of most tinnitus management approaches. See Can Tinnitus Go Away?

Hyperacusis

An abnormal sensitivity to everyday sounds at normal volume levels. Sometimes co-occurs with tinnitus. See Protecting Your Hearing.

Limbic system

Brain regions responsible for emotion, memory, and the stress response. Involved in the distress associated with tinnitus. See How Your Brain Creates the Sound.

Masking

Using external sound to partially or completely cover the tinnitus signal. See Sound Therapy.

Ménière's disease

An inner ear disorder causing episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, ear fullness, and tinnitus. See What Causes Tinnitus?

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize and rewire itself in response to experience. Both a contributor to chronic tinnitus and the mechanism behind habituation. See How Your Brain Creates the Sound.

Objective tinnitus

Rare form of tinnitus that can be detected by a clinician. See Types of Tinnitus.

OAE (Otoacoustic Emissions)

Sounds produced by healthy hair cells in the cochlea, measured during hearing evaluation. See Tinnitus Evaluation.

Ototoxic

Harmful to the ear. Refers to medications or substances that can damage hearing or cause tinnitus. See Medications and Tinnitus.

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss, typically affecting higher frequencies. A common contributor to tinnitus. See What Causes Tinnitus?

Pulsatile tinnitus

Tinnitus with a rhythmic pattern, usually in sync with the heartbeat. See Pulsatile Tinnitus.

Somatic tinnitus

Tinnitus that can be modulated by movements of the head, neck, or jaw. See Types of Tinnitus and Tinnitus and TMJ.

Subjective tinnitus

Tinnitus that only the affected person can hear. The most common type, accounting for approximately 99% of cases. See Types of Tinnitus.

THI (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory)

A standardized questionnaire measuring tinnitus severity. See Tinnitus Severity.

TFI (Tinnitus Functional Index)

A newer questionnaire measuring tinnitus severity and treatment outcomes. See Tinnitus Severity.

TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint)

The jaw joint. Dysfunction in this joint can cause or worsen tinnitus. See Tinnitus and TMJ.

TRT (Tinnitus Retraining Therapy)

A structured management program combining counseling and sound therapy. See TRT Explained.